"The Armenian Genocide laid the ground for the more-homogeneous nation-state that eventually became the Republic of Turkey. By the end of the war, more than 90 percent of the (Christian) Armenians in the Ottoman Empire were gone, and many traces of their former presence had been erased. The deserted homes and property of the (Christian) Armenians in Eastern Anatolia were given to Muslim refugees, and surviving women and children were often forced to give up their Armenian identities and convert to Islam."